Summarize Data

These tools calculate total counts, lengths, areas, and basic descriptive statistics of features and their attributes within areas or near other features.

• Aggregate Points calculates statistics about points that fall within specified areas.
• Join Features transfers attributes from one layer or table to another based on spatial and attribute relationships.
• Summarize Nearby calculates statistics for features and their attributes that are within a specified distance.
• Summarize Within calculates statistics for area features and attributes that overlap each other.
• Summarize Center and Dispersion calculates central features and directional distributions.

Aggregate Points

Using a layer of point features and a layer of area features, this tool determines which points fall within each area and calculates statistics about all the points within each area. For example:

• Given point locations of crime incidents, count the number of crimes per county or other administrative district.
• Find the highest and lowest revenues for franchise locations by state.

Join Features

Join Features will transfer attributes from one layer or table to another based on spatial and attribute relationships. For example:

• Append common boundary or demographic information to your incident data.
• Identify the closest facilities to a known location.
• Determine the number of residences that fall within flood zones.
• Identify common habitats for different wildlife species.

Summarize Nearby

Finds features that are within a specified distance of features in the input layer. Distance can be measured along straight lines or viable paths of a travel mode. Statistics are then calculated for the nearby features. For example:

• Calculate the total population within five minutes of a proposed new store location.
• Calculate the number of freeway access ramps within five minutes of a proposed new store location to use as a measure of store accessibility.

Summarize Within

Finds areas (and portions of areas) that overlap between two layers and calculates statistics about the overlap. For example:

• Given a layer of watershed areas and a layer of land-use areas by land-use type, calculate total acreage of land-use type for each watershed.
• Given a layer of parcels in a county and a layer of city boundaries, summarize the average value of vacant parcels within each city.

Choose Best Facilities

Chooses the best locations for facilities by allocating locations that have demand for these facilities in a way that satisfies a given goal.

Derive New Locations

Creates new features in your study area that meet a series of criteria you specify. These criteria can be based on attribute queries (for example, parcels that are vacant) and spatial queries (for example, within 1 mile of a river).

Find Existing Locations

Selects existing features in your study area that meet a series of criteria you specify. These criteria can be based on attribute queries (for example, parcels that are vacant) and spatial queries (for example, within 1 mile of a river).

Analyze Patterns

These tools help you identify, quantify, and visualize spatial patterns in your data.

• Calculate Density takes known quantities of some phenomenon and spreads these quantities across the map.
• Find Hot Spots identifies statistically significant clustering in the spatial pattern of your data.
• Find Outliers determines if there are any statistically significant outliers in the spatial pattern of your data.
• Find Point Clusters finds clusters of point features within surrounding noise based on their spatial distribution.
• Interpolate Points predicts values at new locations based on measurements found in a collection of points.

Calculate Density

Density analysis takes known quantities of some phenomenon and spreads these quantities across the map. You can use this tool, for example, to show concentrations of lightning strikes or tornadoes, access to health care facilities, and population densities.

Find Hot Spots

This tool creates a map showing any statistically significant spatial clustering present in your data. Use this tool to uncover unexpected hot spots (red) and cold spots (blue) of high and low home values, crime densities, traffic accident fatalities, unemployment or biodiversity, for example.

Find Outliers

This tool creates a map showing any statistically significant clusters and spatial outliers present in your data. Use this tool to identify features that have values that are significantly different from their neighbors. You can use this tool, for example, to find anomalous spending patterns, determine where are the sharpest boundaries between affluence and poverty in a study area or determine if there are counties in the United States with unusually low life expectancy compared to their neighbors.

Find Point Clusters

This tool detects areas where points are concentrated and where they are separated by areas that are empty or sparse. Points that are not part of a cluster are labeled as noise.

Interpolate Points

This tool allows you to predict values at new locations based on measurements found in a collection of points. The tool takes point data with values at each point and returns areas classified by predicted values. You can use this tool, for example, to predict rainfall levels across a watershed based on measurements taken at individual rain gauges.

Use Proximity

These tools help you answer one of the most common questions posed in spatial analysis: "What is near what?"

• Connect Origins to Destinations measures the travel time or distance between pairs of points.
• Create Buffers create areas of equal distance from features.
• Create Drive-Time Areas finds areas around locations that can be reached within a time period.
• Find Nearest identifies those places that are the closest to known locations.
• Plan Routes determines the best way to route a fleet of vehicles to visit many stops.

Create Buffers

A buffer is an area that covers a given distance from a point, line, or area feature.

Buffers are typically used to create areas that can be further analyzed using other tools such as Overlay Layers. For example, if the question is "What buildings are within one mile of the school?", the answer can be found by creating a one-mile buffer around the school and overlaying the buffer with the layer containing building footprints. The end result is a layer of those buildings within one mile of the school.

Find Nearest

Measures the cost of traveling between incidents and facilities and determines which are closer to the other. The result is a layer showing the best routes between incidents and facilities along with the travel cost (time and distance) of each route. For example, you can use this tool to find the closest hospital to an accident or the closest ATM to your current location.

Plan Routes

You provide a set of stops and the number of vehicles available to visit the stops, and Plan Routes determines how to efficiently assign the stops to the vehicles and route the vehicles to the stops.

Use this tool to plan work for a mobile team of inspectors, appraisers, in-home support service providers, and others; deliver or pick up items from remote locations; or offer transportation services to people.

Manage Data

These tools are used for both the day-to-day management of geographic data and for combining data prior to analysis.

• Dissolve Boundaries merges together areas that share a common boundary and a common attribute value.
• Extract Data creates new datasets by extracting features from your existing data.
• Generate Tessellations creates tessellations based on the extent of your data.
• Merge Layers copies all the features from two or more existing layers into a new layer.
• Overlay Layers combines two or more layers into one single layer. You can think of overlay as peering through a stack of maps and creating a single map containing all the information found in the stack.

Dissolve Boundaries

Areas that overlap or share a common boundary are merged together to form a single area.

You can control which boundaries are merged by specifying a field. For example, if you have a layer of counties, and each county has a State_Name attribute, you can dissolve boundaries using the State_Name attribute. Adjacent counties will be merged together if they have the same value for State_Name. The end result is a layer of state boundaries.

Merge Layers

Copies features from two or more existing layers into a new layer, for example:

• I have three layers for England, Wales, and Scotland and I want a single layer of Great Britain.
• I have 12 layers and each contains parcel information for contiguous townships. I want to join them together into a single layer, keeping only the attributes that have the same name and type on the 12 input layers.